More recent projects include a 1.9-megawatt-hour (MWh) installation of reused Audi e-tron battery packs in Berlin in 2019 and 50 reused Nissan Leaf battery packs in a 1-MWh installation in the United Kingdom in 2020.įinancially, the economics of reuse show promise, but expectations should be tempered. In 2014, Nissan created a 16-battery reuse project for a large energy storage system alongside a solar farm starting in 2015, BMW deployed used EV batteries in a demand response pilot with Pacific Gas & Electric. Several installations of second-life batteries as grid-scale storage have already been pursued. These applications anticipate battery reuse lifetimes of at least 10 years. This practice is similar to existing markets for powertrain equipment for internal combustion engines.Īdditional possibilities are to use batteries to replace traditional grid-connected combustion turbine peaker plants for peak-shaving and to deploy them as storage for grid-scale solar. One of the more straightforward opportunities is direct reuse, in which batteries collected from insurance write-offs and inspected and tested to be usable are resold as replacements in other EVs. Second-life applications for these batteries are vast and varied. Reusing EV Batteriesīy 2030, the supply of EV batteries available for reuse may exceed 100 GWh annually, with some predictions as high as 145 GWh. Therefore, reusing them in other applications before the end of their full operational life, and recycling them, can extract additional value. Specifically, EV batteries are believed to still have approximately 70% capacity at that time. But when they eventually become unsuitable for propelling a car - or when the car they’re in goes out of service - they can continue to be used elsewhere. Over time, as they charge and discharge, they start to degrade. Cells are grouped and glued together in series and/or parallel into modules, and these modules are combined to create a battery pack - ultimately containing hundreds or thousands of individual cells.Ĭurrently available EV battery packs are generally thought to be able to last at least 10 years. Each cell is made up of a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte and a separator. EV batteries, as noted above, are typically lithium-ion-cell based.
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